The clear light in the stories of the prophets and messengers 4
4 weeks ago
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From **al-Bāqir** (peace be upon him), in which it states that when **Adam** (peace be upon him) had completed the days of his prophethood, God—Glorified be He—revealed to him that he should place knowledge and the inheritance of prophethood in his son **Hibat Allāh** (Seth). And God gave Adam glad tidings of **Noah**, and between the two of them were ten forefathers, all of whom were prophets.
Then, when the days of the prophethood of **Noah** (peace be upon him) had passed, he handed over the inheritance of knowledge and prophethood to his son **Sām** (Shem). And after Sām there was none but **Hūd**. Thus, between Noah and Hūd there were prophets, both hidden and openly manifest. And after Hūd, prophethood came to **Abraham**, and between Hūd and Abraham there were ten prophets.
Then he mentioned a long discourse and afterwards said:
God sent **Moses** and **Aaron** to **Pharaoh**, **Hāmān**, and **Qārūn**. And he used to kill two, three, or four prophets in a day—indeed, there were times when he would kill seventy prophets in a single day, and by the end of that very day the market for vegetables would be set up again.
Then he mentioned that **Moses** (peace be upon him) was sent specifically to the people of **Egypt**, and that **Jesus** was sent specifically to the **Children of Israel**, whereas God sent **Muḥammad** (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) universally to humankind and jinn.
This ḥadīth appears to conflict with what preceded regarding the universality of the missions of Moses and Jesus (peace be upon them both), and its interpretation may be that it is of the kind where one says that the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) was sent to the Arabs, or says that he was sent to Mecca, as a kind of figurative expression whose relation is clear.
And in **al-Kāfī**, with a chain through **al-Barqī**, raised to **Abū ʿAbd Allāh** (peace be upon him), he said:
> **“God placed the Greatest Name in seventy-three letters. He gave Adam twenty-five letters of it, gave Noah twenty-five letters, gave Abraham eight letters, gave Moses four letters, and gave Jesus two letters; by them he used to revive the dead and heal the blind and the leper. And He gave Muḥammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) seventy-two letters, and withheld one letter, so that none might know what is within Himself, while He knows what is within the souls of the servants.”**
And from him (peace be upon him):
> **“Jesus son of Mary had two letters by which he acted. Moses (peace be upon him) had four letters. Abraham (peace be upon him) had six letters. Adam (peace be upon him) had twenty-five letters. Noah (peace be upon him) had eight. All of that was gathered for the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). Truly, the Name of God is seventy-three letters, and one was withheld from him.”**
**I say:** God—Glorified be He—withheld the Greatest Name from His servants other than the prophets and their legatees.
The scholars who have investigated this said: perhaps the reason for this is that, if He had made it known to them, they would have turned wholly to supplicating by it and turned away from the rest of the Most Beautiful Names. Moreover, most people’s intellects could not bear it; and if they came to know it, they would corrupt themselves by ruining their religion, and corrupt others by ruining their worldly affairs, as happened to **Balʿam ibn Bāʿūrāʾ**, until God stripped him of his knowledge.
Likewise, **Laylat al-Qadr** was concealed within three nights so that worship would be maintained throughout all of them. In the same way, the **Friend of God / the saint of God** was concealed among people, for if he were known individually, people might devote themselves exclusively to honoring and revering him, while becoming excessively attached to harming others; or harm might befall him, and the sin would thereby become grave.
Despite the fact that He—Glorified be He—has concealed it from creation, there are reports stating at times that it is **closer to** `Bismillāh al-Raḥmān al-Raḥīm` **than the black of the eye is to its white**.
And it is also said that it is in **Sūrat al-Tawḥīd**.
And it is also said that it is a **single word only**.
There are also other reports besides these.
As for **Adam** (peace be upon him), and likewise **Noah** (peace be upon him), being given that amount, this does not necessarily entail their superiority and greater rank over **Abraham** (peace be upon him), because superiority does not require excellence in every single aspect, individual by individual, among the various kinds of perfection in the ranking of the four possessors of firm resolve. What appears from the indications of the reports is that **the Friend (Abraham)** (peace be upon him) is superior, for reasons that will, God willing, be pointed out in their proper places.
And in some reports, it states that **Abraham** (peace be upon him) had six letters of the Greatest Name, while **Noah** (peace be upon him) had eight, and the implication of number is not a binding proof, as established in legal theory.
The trustworthy **ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm** narrated from **Yāsir**, from **Abū al-Ḥasan** (peace be upon him), who said:
> **“God never sent a prophet except one possessed of pure black bile.”**
**I say:** Regarding the possessor of this bile, it is established in the science of medicine that such a person is at the highest degree of precision, intelligence, and retention; but since corrupt imaginings, cowardice, and anger may accompany it, he described it as **pure**, meaning free of these blameworthy traits.
And from **Abū ʿAbd Allāh** (peace be upon him):
> **“God, Mighty and Exalted, loved for His prophets among occupations tilling the land and shepherding, so that they would not dislike anything of the rain from the sky.”**
And he said:
> **“God never sent a prophet without first making him tend sheep, in order thereby to teach him the shepherding of people.”**
In **Ikmāl al-Dīn**, with its chain to **al-Ṣādiq** (peace be upon him), from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), he said:
> **“Adam, the father of humankind, lived nine hundred and thirty years. Noah lived two thousand and four hundred years. Abraham (peace be upon him) lived one hundred and seventy-five years. And Ishmael son of…”**
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If you want, I can continue in one of three ways:
– **polished translation** of all your pasted passages into one unified style,
– **literal academic translation** preserving the structure closely,
– or **annotated translation** with notes on terms like *the Greatest Name*, *rajʿa*, *Ulū al-ʿAzm*, and hadith/doctrinal context.
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