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**Gharib Tafsir of the Qur’an – Fakhr al‑Din al‑Turayhi**
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**The Twenty‑Second Category (Words Beginning with Kaf)**
**(Kada)**
**(Akdā)** (1):
He cut off his giving and despaired of his good. The word comes from *kudiyat al‑rakiyyah* (the hardness in a well), meaning when a digger digs a well and reaches a hard layer of stone or similar material, so his work yields nothing and he gives up in despair.
**(Kafā)**
*”And there is none comparable to Him”* (2) — meaning: none similar or equal to Him.
There are three readings of this word:
– Nāfiʿ, Ḥamzah (3), and Khalaf (4) recited **“kufwan”** (5) with a still *fāʾ* and a hamzah on the *wāw*.
– Ḥafṣ (6)
1 – An‑Najm: 34.
2 – Al‑Ikhlāṣ: 4.
3 – **Ḥamzah:**
Ḥamzah ibn Ḥabīb ibn ʿUmārah ibn Ismāʿīl al‑Kūfī al‑Taymī, their client (or said to be originally from them), known as al‑Zayyāt. Born in 80 AH. After ʿĀṣim and al‑Aʿmash the authority of Qur’ānic recitation passed to him. He died in 156 AH and was buried in Ḥulwān.
4 – **Khalaf:**
Khalaf ibn Hishām ibn Thaʿlab ibn Hushaym ibn Thaʿlab ibn Dāwūd ibn Miqsam ibn Ghālib, Abū Muḥammad al‑Asadī al‑Baghdādī. Originally from Fam al‑Ṣulḥ. Born in 150 AH. One of the ten canonical Qurʾān reciters. He generally followed the method of Ḥamzah but differed from him in about one hundred and twenty letters by his own choice. He died in Baghdad in 229 AH while concealing himself from the Jahmiyyah.
5 – Al‑Ikhlāṣ: 4.
6 – **Ḥafṣ:**
Ḥafṣ ibn Sulaymān ibn al‑Mughīrah, Abū ʿUmar ibn Abī Dāwūd al‑Asadī al‑Kūfī al‑Ghāḍirī, the cloth merchant. He was the stepson of ʿĀṣim. Born in 90 AH. He settled in Baghdad and taught recitation there, and also stayed in Mecca where he taught. He learned from ʿĀṣim and did not differ from him in the letters except in *rūm*, which he read with ḍammah whereas ʿĀṣim read it with fatḥah. He died in 180 AH.
(p.63)
From ʿĀṣim (1): **“kufuwan”** (2) with the *fāʾ* pronounced with ḍammah and the *wāw* with fatḥah.
The others recited **“kufuʾan”** (3) with ḍammah on the *fāʾ* and with a hamzah.
**(Kalā)**
*”He protects you”* (4) — meaning: He guards you.
And **“kalā”** means: the matter is not as you supposed; it is a form of rebuke and reprimand. Its explanation will come later in the section on isolated particles.
1 – **ʿĀṣim:**
ʿĀṣim ibn Abī al‑Nujūd Bahdalah, client of Banū Judhaymah ibn Mālik ibn Naṣr ibn Qaʿīn ibn Asad. Bahdalah was his mother. Leadership in Qur’ānic recitation in Kūfah ended with him. He was inclined toward the party of ʿUthmān. He died in Kūfah—or it is said in al‑Samāwah—in 127 AH.
2 – Al‑Ikhlāṣ: 4.
3 – Al‑Ikhlāṣ: 4.
4 – Al‑Anbiyāʾ: 42.
5 – Al‑Maʿārij: 39 after the verse:
*”Does every person among them hope to enter a Garden of bliss?”* (38)
(p.64)
**The Twenty‑Third Category (Words Beginning with Lam)**
**(Liʾā)**
*al‑lāʾī* — its singular is **allatī**, and likewise **alladhī** collectively.
And **al‑lawātī** (2) — its singular is **allatī**.
**(Lajā)**
*”They find no refuge”* (3) — meaning a place where they can seek protection, such as the top of a mountain or a fortress.
**(Laẓā)**
*”Blazing”* (4) — meaning fiercely burning.
**Laẓā** (5) is one of the names of Hell, with one of the two *tāʾ* letters omitted.
**(Laghā)**
*”Make noise therein”* (6) — from *laghw*, meaning idle or useless speech that has no benefit.
And His saying:
*”Allah will not call you to account for idle talk in your oaths”* (7) — meaning oaths you did not truly intend nor bind yourselves to, such as saying: “No, by Allah” or “Yes, by Allah.”
*Laghw* also means false or vain speech, as in:
*”When they pass by idle talk, they pass by with dignity”* (8).
It can also mean obscenity.
It may also refer to something discarded or nullified; one says **“I cancelled the thing”** (*alghaytu al‑shayʾ*) meaning I cast it aside and invalidated it.
And **“lāghiyah”** (9) — speech that is vain.
1 – The poet said:
“Among those women who did not perform the pilgrimage seeking reward,
but only to kill the innocent, unsuspecting man.”
2 – An‑Nisāʾ: 14.
The poet said:
“From among *al‑lawātī*, *allatī*, and *al‑lātī*,
who claim that I have grown old among my companions.”
3 – At‑Tawbah: 57.
4 – Al‑Layl: 14.
5 – Al‑Maʿārij: 15.
6 – Fuṣṣilat: 26.
7 – Al‑Baqarah: 225; Al‑Māʾidah: 92.
8 – Al‑Furqān: 72.
9 – Al‑Ghāshiyah: 11.
(p.65)
If you want, I can also produce a **more academic translation (closer to classical tafsir style)** or a **simplified modern English version**.
