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### **Third Type (Words beginning with Tā’)**
**(Takā)**
*Mutka’* means a cushion on which one reclines. It is also said to mean a seat on which one leans, and it is also said to mean food. It has also been read as *mutkan*.
*“Reclining (muttaqi’īn)”* (1) means sitting like kings upon couches whose linings are of brocade.
**(Talā)**
*“And they followed what the devils recited”* (2) meaning they followed the books of the sorcerers which the devils from among the jinn used to read or follow.
*“During the reign of Solomon”* (3) meaning during his rule. It is said that the devils used to eavesdrop (on the heavens), then add lies to what they heard and pass it to the soothsayers, who wrote it down and taught it to people. This became widespread during the time of Solomon, until it was said that the jinn knew the unseen and that Solomon’s kingdom was established through this knowledge, and that Solomon controlled humans, jinn, and the wind through magic.
*Tatlu* means “to read” and also “to follow.” Allah says:
*“And the moon when it follows it”* (4) meaning when it follows the sun.
It has also been read:
*“There every soul will follow what it sent before”* (5) meaning it will follow its deeds. It is also said that it will read the record of its good and bad deeds.
The recitation of the Qur’an is called *tilāwah*. Allah says:
*“He recites to them His verses”* (6).
According to both meanings (reading and following), the verse:
*“Those who recite it with its true recitation”* (7) may be interpreted as:
– They read it properly, or
– They follow it (act according to it).
The reader is called a *tālī* because he follows what he reads.
*“By those who recite the reminder”* (8) is said to refer to the angels, though it may also refer to others.
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### **Fourth Type (Words beginning with Thā’)**
**(Thabā)**
*“Thubāt”* (1) means separate groups or scattered companies. It is the plural of *thubah*. The expression *thabbaytu ‘alā fulān thabiyah* means mentioning someone’s virtues one by one in a scattered manner. It is also pluralized as *thubīn*.
**(Tharā)**
*“Ath-tharā”* (2) means moist soil visible on the surface of the earth.
**(Thanā)**
*“Turning his side (thānī ‘iṭfih)”* (3) means turning his side arrogantly. *‘Iṭf* means the side. The meaning is that he turns away in pride.
*“They fold their chests”* (4) meaning they conceal what is in them. It is said that some polytheists said: when we close our doors, lower our curtains, cover ourselves with our garments, and conceal in our hearts hostility toward Muhammad, how will he know about us? Then Allah informed him of what they concealed, saying:
*“Indeed, when they cover themselves with their garments, He knows what they conceal and what they reveal.”* (5)
*“Seven of the oft-repeated (sab‘an mina al-mathānī)”* (6) refers to Sūrat al-Fātiḥah, which consists of seven verses. It is called *mathānī* because it is repeated in every prayer.
The Qur’an itself is also called *mathānī* because the stories and reports are repeated within it.
It is also said that the seven refers to the seven long surahs, the seventh being al‑Anfāl together with al‑Tawbah because they are treated as one.
*“Two, three, and four”* (7) means two by two, three by three, and four by four.
**(Thawā)**
*“Thāwiyan”* (8) means residing or staying.
*“Honor his stay (mathwāhu)”* (9) means make his residence with us honorable and good.
*“A dwelling place for them (mathwā)”* (10) means a place of residence.
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### **Fifth Type (Words beginning with Jīm)**
**(Jabā)**
*“Then He chose him”* (1) means his Lord selected him and brought him near.
*“Why did you not choose it?”* (2) has been interpreted as:
– Why did you not select it for yourself?
– Why did you not accept it from your Lord?
– Or why did you not bring it from yourself?
*“And We chose them”* (3) means We selected them. Similarly: *“Your Lord will choose you”* (4).
The word also relates to gathering revenue or collecting water. *Jabaytuhu* means “I collected it.”
*“Yujbā”* (5) means “it is gathered.” Allah says:
*“To which are gathered the fruits of all things.”* (6)
All reciters read it with the letter **yā’** (passive form) except Nāfi‘, who read it with **tā’** in the feminine form.
*Jawābī* refers to large basins (plural of *jābiyah*), because water flows into them and is gathered there.
(Nāfi‘: Nāfi‘ ibn ‘Abd al‑Raḥmān ibn Abī Nu‘aym, one of the seven canonical Qur’anic reciters. Originally from Isfahan. He was known for piety and generosity and prayed in the Prophet’s Mosque for sixty years. He died in 169 AH, though other dates such as 167, 157, or 150 AH are also reported.)
**(Jathā)**
*“Jithiyyā”* (8) means kneeling on the knees, unable to stand because of their condition. The singular is *jāthin*. This is the posture of disputants and debaters. From this comes the saying of ‘Alī (peace be upon him): “I will be the first to kneel for disputation.”
Similarly:
*“And you will see every nation kneeling.”* (9)
It is also said that *jāthiyah* means gathered together, though the first meaning is more widely known.
**(Jadhā)**
*“A burning brand from the fire”* (11) — pronounced with the three vowel forms — means a thick piece of wood containing fire but without a visible flame.
